What is the ULA’s policy towards ‘Muslim refugees’ in Bangladesh and their repatriation questions?

FAQ About Arakan Affairs ၊ August 25, 2026

The ULA's policy towards the repatriation of Muslim refugees in Bangladesh is a complex and evolving stance that has shifted from initial demands for recognition to a more pragmatic engagement with the international community. Following the 2021 military coup and the AA’s expansion of territorial control, the ULA has positioned itself as a necessary stakeholder in any resolution of the Muslim crisis.

The ULA's official position was first articulated in September 2022 when a spokesperson stated that if the international community and Bangladesh expected the ULA to help resolve the crisis, they must recognize the ULA/AA as the "main stakeholder" and provide "full support".

Since then, Bangladesh has initiated talks with the Arakan Army under a UN initiative to explore pathways for repatriation and establish a "humanitarian channel" for aid to conflict-ravaged Rakhine State. These discussions represent a significant development, as Bangladesh has historically negotiated only with Myanmar's central authorities. In short, the ULA-led Arakkha government wants the elimination of militant groups on Bangladeshi border, restoration of border trade and release of blockage on cross-border humanitarian assistance.

Notably, the ULA leadership appears to believe that "building better relations with the remaining Muslim population inside Arakan is fundamental" to demonstrating political will to the international community and refugees in Bangladesh. Moreover, the ULA-led Arakkha government has also promoted social cohesion since at least 2019 and as a result, no communal violence broke out between Arakanese and Muslims under the ULA's control.

In practical terms, the Arakkha government has included Muslim in para-military and police forces, administrative, judicial, and security roles, with reports of over 5,000 Muslim employees serving under the Arakkha government. These efforts are presented as evidence of a governance model that could accommodate returning refugees.